Improvement in dies and punches for forming the eyes of adzes



3 Sheets-Sheet 1. L. CHAPMAN.

DIES AND PUNCHES FOR FORMING THE EYES 0F AQDZES. No.17Z,Z55 PatentedJ'an.18,1876.

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N, PETERS. PHOYQ-UTHOGRAFMER, WISNINGTDN. I! C.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 L. CHAPMAN. DIES AND PUNQHES FOR FORMING THE EYES 0FADZES.

A No, 172,255.

Patentgd. Jan.13,1876.

flu/hal o)" ILFETERS, PNOTO-UYMGGRAPNBL WASNINGIDN. D C

' operated upon.

UNITED T TES" ammo-1m LUKE CHAPMAN,

on COLLINSVILLE', CoLLINs COMPANY, on SAME PLACE.

CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE IMPROVEMENT, IN onz's AND PUNCHES FORFORMING THE EYES OFADZES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. l 72, 255 dated January18, 1876 application filed Febrnary 24, 1s75.

cross-section, for adzes and other tools and articles having similarelongated eyes, of

which the following is a specification, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, where- Figure 1 isa' face view of oneof the twoduplicate dies forming the first set, showing a longitudinal section ofthe bar or stock as Fig. 2 is a view of the end of the stock-bar asprepared for operation in the first set of dies. Fig. 3 is a view incross-section of the first set of dies, showing the bar inserted readyto commence operations. Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, except thatthe dies have closed together. Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4,except that the punch has moved down and done its work the same as inFig. 1. Fig. 6 is a face view of one of the two duplicate dies formingthe second set, showing the product of the first set inserted ready tobe operated upon. Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6, except that thepunch has advanced and doneits work. Fig. 8 is a view of the product ofthe second set of dies. Fig. 9 is a View of the completed adze. Thesedies are designed for forming elongated eyes, round or oval, incross-section, for adzes or other tools or articles having similar eyes.Such tools and articles are usually made of iron, or steel, or iron andsteel. The metal bar or stock to be operated upon is properly heatedprevious to manipulation.

The bar of metal a, of proper size, is first cut into proper lengths,and one end prepared as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The baris then heatedand inserted as shown in Fig. 3. The dies 1) b, worked by appropriatemachinery, now close together face to face, as shown in Fig. 4:,pinching the bar. The punch 0 now advances and does its work, as shownin Fig. 5, causing the metal to fill the matrix of the dies, and leavingthe web a just forward or in front of the punch. The eye is so far asformed circular in cross-section (though it may as well be made oval, ifdesired.) The punch now retreats, the dies open, and the stock is takenout. It is again heated and grasped by the second set of dies d d,(which, being duplicates, only one of them is shown in the drawings, andthat in Figs. 6 and 7, the cross-section of which is precisely similarto Figs. 4 and 5,) which close together face to face. Into the holeformed by the punch a is dropped the additional stock-piece a before thestock or bar is submitted to the second set of dies. The punch f nowadvances to its work, as shown in Fig. 7, merging the piece (3 in thestock and fully elongating the eye. The product of the secondset of diesis shown in Fig. 8. The cap-web a is now removed on the line a: m, andthe forging of the eye is substantially completed. This forging isfinally worked into the finished shape shown in Fig. 9.

It isperfectly obvious that this process and these dies are applicable,by obvious changes, to the production of oval or circular sectionedelongated eyes for other tools and articles than adzes, and I introduceFigs. 10, 11, and 12 to illustrate their application to the productionof circular-sectioned elongated eyes for pickaxes. Fig. 10 is a faceview of one of the first set of dies with a longitudinal section of thestock, the punch having done its work. Fig. 11 shows a face View of oneof the second set of dies, with the product of the first set inserted,(with the additional stockpiece,) and the punch ready to do its work.

- Fig. 12 is the same as Fig. 11, except that the punch has advanced anddone its work.

I am well aware that iron and steel have been punched, placed, andpressed into various forms previous to this date; but the flow of thesemetals undei compression or concussion (in dies) cannot by any rules sofar statedbe determined in advance of actual' trials, and these dies ofmine differ from previous dies by just that difference which makes mydies to work well in practice.

The blank is made smallest at one end before submission to the dies, soas to have this part of about the same size as the head of the tool,which it finally forms, while the body of the blank is larger, in orderto afford the.

requisite amount of stock for the eye. This small part at the end can beleft in the center of the bar, its place in the dies beingcorrespondingly located, if desired; but I prefer it upon one side ofthe bar for two reasons: first, by appliances that I have in use it iseasier to make it thus; and, second, when the small part is madecentrally of the bar I find an increased tendency in the metal to flowout between the dies at the joint, under the action of the punch. It istrue that by this method, which I prefer, the metal is thrown slightlyout of its axial center in the matrix of the dies, but this proves to beof no consequence in actual practice.

I have other patents, or intend so to have, of even date herewith, onemarked Case D and another marked Case E. The dies and punches shown anddescribed in the former case are for making a solid head adz-eye, anddiifer from these herein described, which are for making a common ovalor round adz'eye in the shapes of the matrices of the dies and in theshapes of the punches; also, the hereindescribed dies and punches differin shape from those shown and described in Case E,

which are designed for making eyes for hoes. In neither Case D nor Bdoes the shape of the die require that the stock be made snialler at oneend before action. Case D further differs from this case in showing acutting-01f shoulder wholly absent in these dies herein described.

I claim as my invention The combination of the dies b b and punches cwiththe dies (1 d and punch f, when all are constructed, arranged, anddesigned for operation and use, substantially as shown and described.

- LUKE CHAPMAN.

Witnesses:

WM. EDGAR SIMOND, GEORGE E. NOLAN.

